a recipe for delicious living
(May 11, 2006)
Lou asked Lauren:
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Dear Lauren: I read your column often and thought I’d finally ask a question I’ve been wrestling with for a long time. I have an old cast iron skillet and I use it but don’t know how to clean it properly. I find it hard to clean. I’ve heard the term “seasoned” when referring to cast iron but, again, I’m not clear as to what this means. Right now, my skillet is in pretty bad shape. It’s a bit rusty looking in spots and, after using it, I try to soak the pan in hot soapy water because food seems to stick to it (especially scrambled eggs). Even after soaking, I still find the pan difficult to clean. Should I just throw away this pan?
Lauren says...
Dear Lou: NO, please don’t throw your cast iron pan away! Although you might not know it, you have in your possession, one of the best types of pans around. However, if not cared for properly, cast iron is also one of the most temperamental materials to cook with.
OK, let’s talk about the best parts, first. The most positive feature of cast iron cookware is that it conducts heat incredibly well (evenly) and it’s also heat-retentive, so you can cook quicker, using a reduced amount of heat. And, if you care for this pan properly, eventually, you can bestow it to a child or grandchild, giving them a great way to conjure delicious memories of you. (Just make sure to include the instructions to care for the pan!)
Now, the bad news: Because pure (uncoated) cast iron cookware is one solid piece of iron, it must be “seasoned” a couple of times before using it and here’s why. Cast iron cookware, before being seasoned, is not only susceptible to rust after getting wet, but it’s also “reactive,” meaning it reacts poorly when used with certain types of food, namely acidic ingredients like tomatoes, vinegar, citrus or wine. These ingredients interact with the metal and give your food a metallic taste and, often, an odd (off) color. Cast iron also has absolutely no stick resistance before being seasoned.
However: Once a few easy steps are taken, the interior of cast iron cookware actually becomes both, non-reactive and nonstick (hence, the original nonstick cookware!) So, before we talk about cleaning a soiled cast iron pan, let’s first discuss how to season it properly.
To season your cast iron skillet: Before using skillet for the first time, wipe the entire surface (inside, outside, bottom and handle) generously with a flavorless vegetable oil or mild peanut oil. (The oil must be able to withstand high temperatures without smoking.) Place the skillet into a preheated 375° F oven and "bake the surface" for 1 hour. Turn off heat and leave pan in oven for an additional hour. Remove skillet and use a paper towel to remove any excess oil, allowing only a thin layer to remain. Your pan is now seasoned and ready to use. You’ll notice that, after a few seasoning sessions, the pan will take on a black color (compared to the brownish-greenish-grayish way it began). The interior of the pan will seem thicker due to the now “baked-on” seasoned finish. This is GOOD! Don’t attempt to remove this.
To clean your cast iron skillet: After each use, don't wash your skillet; just give the interior a quick rinse and a thorough wiping with a damp sponge or kitchen towel. If any pieces of food stick to the pan, sprinkle the surface with coarse (kosher) salt and use a clean kitchen towel to rub away the food. Once clean, apply another thin layer of oil (again, to the entire surface) and wipe off any excess. Occasionally (after every three times you use it to cook), give the pan an additional "greased baking" at 375° F and, let it cool in a turned off oven, as originally described. If you do choose to ever wash your cast iron cookware, only use water so no soapy taste will linger. And, thoroughly dry every exposed spot and then bake as directed for seasoning the skillet.
To store your seasoned cast iron pan: Initially, when the pan is first being seasoned, you’ll notice that the surface has a somewhat sticky feeling. This will lessen after a few seasoning sessions. If at all sticky, don’t store newly seasoned cast iron cookware out in the open since airborne debris (like dust and pet hairs) can cling to the pan.
Ok, now that you’re all seasoned, why not make my Crispy Skillet Cornbread, to give that gorgeous cast iron skillet a way to strut its stuff!
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Crispy Skillet Cornbread
Yield: one 10 1/2-inch round; serves 8
This recipe is pretty basic, except for the addition of sautéed chopped onions. But to this, you may add a myriad of other ingredients, depending on your mood and who you are feeding (see variations). For the most interesting texture, use medium-ground (not fine) cornmeal. And cultured buttermilk is the secret ingredient to making the best-tasting, crispest, (yet incredibly tender) cornbread. (Buttermilk is the secret to so many different recipes that I've lost count!) Using an old-fashioned, well-seasoned cast iron skillet ensures the crispest, most authentic results. Today, you can even buy pre-seasoned cast iron pans. In a pinch, a heavy round cake pan will do.
Special Equipment
- Wide blending fork or batter whisk
- Sifter or triple-mesh wire strainer
- 10 1/2-inch (1 1/2-inches deep) well-seasoned or pre-seasoned cast iron skillet or heavy 10-inch round cake pan (2 inches deep)
Ingredients
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 1/2 cup minced yellow onion
- Freshly ground black pepper to taste
- 1 1/2 cups medium-ground yellow or white cornmeal
- 1 cup unbleached all-purpose flour
- 2 teaspoons baking soda
- 1 1/2 teaspoons salt
- 2 1/2 tablespoons sugar
- 2 cups cultured buttermilk, at room temperature
- 2 extra-large eggs, lightly beaten
- 1/2 stick (4 tablespoons) butter, melted
- 3 tablespoons clarified butter (see recipe) or solid vegetable shortening
- Softened butter, for accompaniment
1) To set up: Place a 10-inch cast iron skillet or heavy cake pan on the center shelf of the oven. (If using a cake pan, brush or spray the sides with flavorless vegetable oil.) Preheat the oven to 425° F.
2) To sauté the onions: Heat a small skillet over medium heat with 1 tablespoon butter. When melted and bubbling, add minced onion and sauté until softened and fragrant, 2 to 3 minutes. Add some freshly ground black pepper, remove from heat and set aside.
3) To assemble the batter: Place cornmeal, flour, baking soda, salt and sugar in a medium-sized mixing bowl. Using a whisk, combine well and then sift into another bowl. Pour buttermilk into a separate bowl; add lightly beaten eggs and cooled sautéed onions and mix well. Pour buttermilk mixture and sautéed onions into the bowl with the dry mixture and add melted butter with another grind or two of fresh black pepper. Using a wide blending fork or a batter whisk, gently combine mixture until there are no dry pockets.
4) To bake: Place clarified butter or solid shortening into the preheated pan while it remains in oven. Close oven door and allow the fat to liquefy and become hot (1 minute). Open the oven door and carefully (using oven mitts!) pull the rack holding the skillet toward you. Using a rubber spatula, somewhat quickly (so the oven doesn't cool) pour cornmeal mixture into the hot skillet (the batter should sizzle furiously). Push the pan back into the oven and close the door. Bake until firm but not overly dry and a toothpick comes out clean when inserted into the center of the bread, about 20 minutes. Meanwhile warm your serving plate.
5) To invert and serve: Carefully remove pan from oven and run a knife around its circumference. Place a flat cookie sheet or a wire rack over the top and invert bread onto rack. Immediately invert once more onto a warmed serving plate so bread is right side up. Cut into wedges and serve hot with softened butter.
- The dry ingredients can be mixed, sifted and left in a covered bowl days before needed. Just give a good swish with a whisk to combine and lighten before assembling.
- Although batters leavened only with baking soda should be baked soon after being assembled, this batter can be fully combined, covered and left at a comfortable room temperature for up to 1 hour before pouring into the preheated skillet. Or, for best results, simply combine the dry ingredients in one bowl and the wet ingredients in another and refrigerate the latter--hours ahead. Add the sautéed onions to the wet ingredients and allow them to sit out at room temperature for 1 hour before combining wet and dry ingredients (along with melted butter) just before baking.
Timing is Everything:
Cornbread Variations: The sautéed onions can be omitted. Or, while sautéing the onions, add 1 or more of the following: 1/3 cup minced red or green bell pepper; 1 chopped, stemmed and seeded jalapeño chili pepper and/or 1/3 cup chopped hard sausage (andouille, or pepperoni, or chorizo, with the casing removed); you can also sauté 3 pieces bacon, until crisp, drain and coarsely chop. Then sauté the onion in 1 tablespoon of bacon drippings instead of the butter and add chopped bacon when assembling butter. Another variation is to sauté 1/3 cup crumbled fresh sweet or hot Italian sausage in a bit of olive oil until golden; pour out any accumulated fat and add onions and 1 clove of minced garlic.
Clarified Butter: To clarify butter, slowly melt 2 or more sticks of unsalted butter in a heavy-bottomed saucepan (preferably one with a spout) over low heat, without stirring, until totally liquefied and the milky residue that’s fallen to the bottom of the pan becomes light golden and gives off a nutty aroma. Remove the pan from heat and let the butter settle for 15 minutes. Using a fine-mesh skimmer or a small shallow spoon, remove any white foamy substance that sits on top of the butterfat. When no milky solids remain on top, carefully pour the pure, yellow butterfat through a fine-mesh skimmer or a fine-mesh sieve into a bowl, leaving any toasted residue behind. Expect to lose up to a quarter of your original volume, after straining. Store clarified butter in the refrigerator in a securely shut container for up to 6 months.
Questions for Lauren Groveman's Kitchen:
Lauren Groveman recipes have been featured in many national magazines and local newspapers. Her books "The I love to Cook Book: Rediscovering the Joy of Cooking for Family and Friends" and "Lauren Groveman's Kitchen, Nurturing Food for Family and Friends" are available through Amazon.com. Lauren hosts an hour-long, "live" weekly radio show, Food Family & Home "Matters," on 1460 WVOX.
For in depth information on Lauren Groveman as a writer, teacher, TV & radio host, as well as her recipes and cooking tips visit her website at www.laurengroveman.com
Lauren is a Larchmont resident. She is happily married and blessed with three wonderful children.